Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, commonly known as borax, is a widely used inorganic borate compound with buffering, antiseptic, softening and flux properties. In industrial fields, it acts as a key raw material for glass, ceramics and enamel production, improving product toughness and gloss. It serves as excellent flux in welding and metal processing to remove surface oxides. In daily chemicals, it is applied in detergents, soaps and cosmetics as pH regulator, emulsifier and softener. In agriculture, it functions as boron fertilizer to supplement crop nutrients and promote plant growth. It is also used as antiseptic and preservative for leather, wood and textiles. In laboratory and chemical synthesis, it is a standard buffer reagent and raw material for preparing various boron compounds. With stable chemical performance and diverse functions, it plays an important role in light industry, chemical industry, agriculture and scientific research.

This substance is a mild irritant. Inhalation of dust may irritate respiratory tract and cause cough and sore throat. Skin contact may lead to dryness, redness and itching after long-term exposure. Eye contact will cause stinging and conjunctival inflammation. Oral ingestion of large quantity may trigger nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal discomforts. Conduct operations in well-ventilated areas, wear dust mask, chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles. Avoid mixing with strong acids to prevent chemical reactions. Store sealed to avoid efflorescence, and keep away from food and drinking water. In case of leakage, collect solids to prevent dust diffusion. Rinse contacted skin thoroughly with running water. Flush eyes with plenty of clean water for 15 minutes once affected. If accidentally swallowed, drink plenty of warm water and seek medical treatment in time. Dispose of waste strictly in accordance with local hazardous waste regulations to avoid environmental pollution.