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D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate
1. Basic Information
Name: D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate
Alias: Maltose monohydrate, 4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose monohydrate
CAS No.: 6363-53-7
Molecular Formula: C12H22O11·H2O
Molecular Weight: 360.31
Category: Natural disaccharide carbohydrate, food sweetener, cell culture medium carbon source, biochemical standard reagent, pharmaceutical excipient
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: White crystalline powder or colorless block crystal
- Odor: Odorless, mild soft sweet taste (sweetness ~30% of sucrose)
- Solubility: Freely soluble in hot water, soluble in cold water; slightly soluble in methanol; insoluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, hydrocarbons
- Melting Point: 102–105 ℃ (loses crystal water, decomposes gradually)
- Specific Rotation [α]???: +118° ~ +122° (c=10, water)
- Density (predicted): 1.54 g/cm3
- Hygroscopy: Slightly hygroscopic under high humidity environment
- Aqueous property: Neutral aqueous solution, stable at pH 4–9; reducing sugar, can produce Maillard browning reaction with amino compounds under heating
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Disaccharide formed by α-1,4 glycosidic linkage of two D-glucose units, contains one molecule of crystal water, free aldehyde group with reducing property
- Reducing characteristic: Aldehyde group can reduce Fehling’s reagent, silver ammonia solution; used for reducing sugar qualitative/quantitative detection
- Hydrolysis reaction: Under acid catalysis or maltase enzyme, hydrolyzes completely into two molecules of D-glucose
- Maillard reaction: Heating with amino acids/proteins generates brown flavor substances, widely used in food baking
- Thermal stability: Stable below 80 ℃; above 100 ℃ loses crystal water; high temperature above 150 ℃ caramelizes and decomposes
- Photostability: Stable under normal light; long-term strong UV irradiation accelerates slow browning
- Compatibility: Compatible with most food raw materials, biological culture media, pharmaceutical auxiliary materials; incompatible with strong oxidants, concentrated strong acid
3. Main Application Fields
1. Food & Beverage Additive (Core Application)
Low-calorie mild sweetener for bakery, candy, dairy, infant formula; improves product moisture retention, texture and baking aroma; inhibits sucrose crystallization
2. Microbiological & Cell Culture Medium
Carbon source for bacteria, yeast, mammalian cell culture; provides slow-release carbon energy for strain fermentation
3. Pharmaceutical Excipient
Filler, binder, lyoprotectant for oral tablets, capsules, lyophilized injections; stabilizes active polypeptide and protein drugs
4. Biochemical Reference Standard
HPLC standard for carbohydrate detection, substrate for amylase enzyme activity testing
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 6363-53-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C12H22O11·H2O |
| Appearance | Uniform white crystal without yellow agglomeration |
| HPLC Purity | Food/Pharma Grade ≥99.0% |
| Specific Optical Rotation | +118° ~ +122° (10% aqueous solution) |
| Water of Crystallization | 4.5% ~ 5.5% |
| Loss on Drying | ≤0.50% (excluding crystal water) |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.10% |
| Reducing Sugar (calculated as glucose) | Qualified |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm |
| Microbiological Index | Total bacteria ≤1000 CFU/g, no pathogenic bacteria |
| Packaging | 1kg/5kg food-grade vacuum bag, 25kg PE lined woven bag/fiber drum |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed cool dry warehouse below 25 ℃, light shielding, isolate humid air |
| Transportation Requirement | Slightly hygroscopic carbohydrate powder, moisture-proof sealed packaging |
| Shelf Life | 36 months under sealed dry storage |
Safety Warning
Non-toxic mild carbohydrate powder. Dust may slightly irritate eyes and nasal cavity; no acute toxicity, edible safely within normal dosage. Operations in ventilated environment with simple dust mask and nitrile gloves. Avoid long-term mixing with strong oxidants to prevent browning and decomposition. Waste solution biodegradable after dilution; solid waste belongs to general food/biochemical waste.
