1. Basic Information

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

1. Appearance: White crystalline powder
2. Odor: Odorless
3. Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, DMF, DMSO; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate; insoluble in hexane, benzene
4. Melting Point: 95–98 °C
5. Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic under humid conditions

Chemical Properties

1. Molecular Structure: Five-membered succinimide ring with N-linked hydroxyl functional group
2. Active ester synthesis reagent: Reacts with carboxylic acids under carbodiimide (EDC/DCC) to form NHS active esters, used for amide coupling
3. Hydrolysis property: Stable in anhydrous environment; slowly hydrolyzes in water to succinimide and hydroxyl ions
4. Thermal stability: Stable below 80 °C; decomposes above 120 °C to release irritant gas
5. Photostability: Slightly sensitive to strong UV light; long-term light exposure turns pale yellow
6. Compatibility: Compatible with anhydrous polar aprotic solvents; incompatible with strong oxidants, strong alkali, aldehydes

3. Main Application Fields

1. Peptide & Pharmaceutical Synthesis Reagent (Core Application)

1. Amine coupling activator for solid-phase peptide synthesis, improves reaction yield and reduces racemization
2. Raw material for manufacturing Boc/Fmoc protected amino acid active ester intermediates for APIs
3. Cross-linking agent for antibody, protein bioconjugation in biopharmaceutical research

2. Biochemical Laboratory Reagent

1. Protein labeling, enzyme immobilization and antibody modification auxiliary reagent
2. Activator for preparation of fluorescent probes and small molecule bioconjugates

3. Fine Chemical Intermediate

4. Reference Standard

4. Quality Specification Table