1. Basic Product Profile

• Full IUPAC Name: 1H-Imidazole
• Aliases: 1,3-Diazole, Glyoxaline
• CAS Number: 288-32-4
• EINECS: 206-019-7
• Molecular Formula: C3H4N2
• Molecular Weight: 68.08
• Chemical Classification: Aromatic nitrogen heterocycle, pharmaceutical intermediate, biochemistry reagent, epoxy curing agent, corrosion inhibitor, analytical buffer
• Core Advantages
  Five-membered aromatic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms, with amphiprotic character (both acidic N-H and basic pyridine-type nitrogen). Excellent water solubility, strong coordination ability with metal ions, moderate catalytic activity. Widely used as core building block for antifungal APIs, epoxy resin curing agent, protein denaturation reagent, pH buffer and metal surface anti-corrosion additive. High crystal purity, stable at room temperature.

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

2.1 Physical Index

1. Appearance: White crystalline flake or powder
2. Odor: Faint ammonia-like odor
3. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, acetone; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate; insoluble in benzene, petroleum ether
4. Melting Point: 89–91 °C
5. Boiling Point: 257 °C
6. pH (5% aqueous solution): 9.5–10.5 (weakly alkaline)
7. Hygroscopy: Moderately hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from air
8. UV characteristic: Weak absorption peak at 207 nm

2.2 Chemical Properties

1. Dual nitrogen structure: Pyrrole-type N-H (weak acid) and pyridine-type N (strong base), can form salts with acids
2. N-substitution reactivity: Undergoes alkylation, acylation to generate N-alkyl imidazole derivatives (key antifungal drug skeletons)
3. Coordination performance: Forms stable chelate complexes with transition metal ions (Cu, Fe, Zn)
4. Catalytic property: Acts as nucleophilic catalyst for esterification, polyurethane and epoxy crosslinking reactions
5. Thermal Stability: Stable below 200°C; decomposes above boiling point with nitrogen-containing volatiles released
6. Acid & Alkali Stability: Stable in neutral/weak alkaline media; stable dilute acid salt form; concentrated strong acid heating causes ring hydrolysis
7. Photostability: Slightly yellow after long-term air & light exposure
8. Compatibility: Compatible with polar solvents, most pharmaceutical raw materials; incompatible with strong oxidants, concentrated mineral acids

3. Main Application Fields

3.1 Pharmaceutical Intermediate (Core Usage)

1. Synthetic precursor of triazole & imidazole antifungal APIs (Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole);
2. Raw material for histamine receptor antagonists, protein drug stabilizers and peptide synthesis additives.

3.2 Industrial Epoxy Curing Agent

3.3 Biochemical & Analytical Reagent

1. pH buffer component for protein electrophoresis, enzyme reaction systems;
2. Metal ion chelating reagent for chromatographic separation and trace metal testing.

3.4 Other Industrial Applications

4. Quality Specification Table