1. Basic Product Profile

• Full IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
• Aliases: L-Gln, L-Glutamic acid 5-amide
• CAS Number: 56-85-9
• EINECS: 200-292-1
• Molecular Formula: C5H10N2O3
• Molecular Weight: 146.14
• Chemical Classification: Conditionally essential amino acid, sports nutrition raw material, pharmaceutical injection intermediate, cell culture reagent
• Core Advantages
  Natural L-configured neutral amino acid with terminal amide group, the most abundant free amino acid in human blood and muscle tissue. It is the primary energy source for intestinal mucosal cells and immune cells, with excellent water solubility and high biological absorption rate. Widely applied in sports recovery supplements, postoperative nutritional infusions, enteral nutrition preparations, cell culture media and food fortifiers. Low hygroscopicity, stable crystal form for long-term storage.

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

2.1 Physical Index

1. Appearance: White crystalline powder
2. Odor: Odorless
3. Solubility: Soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in acetone, ether, oily solvents
4. Melting Point: 185–186 °C (decomposes)
5. Specific Optical Rotation [α]D20: +6.3° ~ +7.3° (c=5, water)
6. pH (5% aqueous solution): 5.0–6.0 (weakly acidic)
7. Hygroscopy: Slightly hygroscopic only under high humidity environment

2.2 Chemical Properties

1. Functional groups: α-amino group, carboxyl group, side chain carbamoyl amide group, typical amphoteric amino acid
2. Amphoteric ion characteristic: Forms inner salt in aqueous solution; reacts with inorganic acids to generate stable soluble salts
3. Amide hydrolysis: Side chain -CONH2 slowly hydrolyzes under strong acid/alkali heating to produce L-glutamic acid
4. Peptide condensation: Amino group undergoes condensation reaction to form peptide bonds for polypeptide synthesis
5. Thermal Stability: Stable below 160°C; decomposes above melting point to release ammonia
6. Acid & Alkali Stability: Stable in weak acid, neutral and mild alkaline systems; long-time high-temperature strong alkali triggers amide hydrolysis
7. Photostability: No yellowing or impurity generation under normal light storage
8. Compatibility: Compatible with all other amino acids, water-soluble nutritional raw materials; incompatible with strong oxidants, concentrated mineral acid

3. Main Application Fields

3.1 Sports & Health Nutrition (Core Usage)

1. Sports supplement core raw material: Repairs muscle tissue after exercise, relieves fatigue, improves endurance and reduces muscle loss;
2. Functional food additive: Maintains intestinal barrier health, boosts immunity for elderly, fitness crowd and sub-health population.

3.2 Pharmaceutical Industry

1. Raw material for compound amino acid injection, postoperative enteral nutrition oral liquid;
2. Gastrointestinal repair drug intermediate for intestinal mucosal injury adjuvant treatment.

3.3 Biochemical & Microbial Fermentation

1. Standard amino acid reference substance for chromatographic calibration;
2. Key additive for mammalian cell culture medium (biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibody fermentation).

3.4 Feed Nutrition Additive

4. Quality Specification Table