Basic Information

Structural Information

• Structure Type: Non-peptide spiroindanylpiperidine compound, methanesulfonate salt
• Structural Features: Contains a spiro[indole-piperidine] core, a sulfonyl group, and a benzyl ether side chain. As a salt, it has good water solubility and oral bioavailability.
  
  

Physical & Chemical Properties

• Appearance: White to beige crystalline powder
• Melting Point: 164–170 °C
• Solubility: Soluble in water (5 mg/mL), DMSO, and methanol; slightly soluble in ethanol
• Storage: 2–8°C for short-term; -20°C for long-term (3 years)
• Stability: Stable under sealed and low-temperature conditions; avoid strong light and high temperature.

Pharmacology & Applications

Mechanism

• GHS-R1a Agonist: Mimics ghrelin to bind to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, stimulating pulsatile GH release and elevating IGF-1 levels.
• Orally Active: Unlike peptides, it resists stomach acid and has high oral bioavailability.

Main Applications

• Research Tool: Used in aging, sarcopenia, and growth hormone deficiency studies.
• Body Composition: Increases lean mass (1–3 kg in months) and reduces fat mass; may cause water retention.
• Bone Metabolism: Improves bone density by elevating IGF-1.
• Sleep Quality: Enhances slow-wave sleep and REM architecture.

Safety & Risks

• Common Side Effects: Increased appetite (>80%), peripheral edema, transient lethargy (1–2 weeks), and mild cortisol elevation.
• Metabolic Risk: Reduces insulin sensitivity, raising fasting glucose and HbA1c; contraindicated in diabetes.
• Other Risks: Potential tumor growth (due to IGF-1), heart failure in elderly, and not for pregnant women or children.
• Regulatory Status: Not FDA-approved; for research use only.

Quality Specifications

• Purity (HPLC): ≥98% (typically ≥99%)
• Loss on Drying: ≤0.5%
• Residue on Ignition: ≤0.1%
• Storage Condition: Sealed, cool, dry, dark place; avoid freezing-thawing cycles.

Information Summary Table